Applications of ChatGPT in Higher Education, Research and Development

ChatGPT in Search engine and library (II)

3.1.3 Question & answer search engine

ChatGPT can be used as a question & answer search engine (QASE) in several ways (figure 5). ChatGPT can be used to answer questions that are subjective or opinion-based, questions that require reasoning or inference, questions that are creative or humorous, factual questions, and open-ended questions. ChatGPT has advantages over traditional QASEs such as

ChatGPT can:

• access and process information from a variety of sources, including the Internet, books, and databases.
• understand natural-language queries, even if they are ambiguous or incomplete.
• generate comprehensive and informative answers, even to complex questions.
• learn and improve over time, becoming more accurate and reliable as it is used more.

Figure 5 ChatGPT response to: What is the proper NMP amount for Li-ion battery cathode manufacturing?

3.1.4 Academic library

ChatGPT has the potential to revolutionize the way we search for information and access library resources. By understanding natural language queries and providing personalized recommendations, ChatGPT can improve the search experience for users and assist librarians in their tasks [1, 10]. In libraries, ChatGPT can be used to provide personalized recommendations to users based on their reading history and preferences [3, 10]. ChatGPT can also help users navigate the library catalog and find relevant resources more easily. The AI model can also help librarians in tasks such as answering reference questions and providing research assistance [1]. ChatGPT can understand natural language queries and provide relevant information and resources to users, allowing librarians to focus on more complex tasks (figure 7) . [11] However, it is important to ensure that these technologies are developed and used ethically and responsibly to maximize their benefits while minimizing potential risks.

Figure 6. ChatGPT response to: Conduct literature review for using nanomaterials in architecture.

3.1.5 Scientific databases

As the field of artificial intelligence continues to evolve, so does its use in scientific databases. One recent development that has garnered attention is the use of ChatGPT and its potential applications in scientific databases. ChatGPT allows researchers to access the information quickly and easily they need without having to spend time crafting a complex search query. ChatGPT can be used as databases of pharmaceutical, chemical, physical, and biological information, such as properties, structures, and other information, to democratize scientific knowledge and make it more accessible to a wider audience (figure 7). ChatGPT also has the potential to improve the accessibility of scientific databases. By allowing users to ask questions in natural language, it can make it easier for nonexperts to access and understand the information contained within these databases.

ChatGPT has the potential to revolutionize the way we access and understand scientific databases. Its ability to understand natural language queries and generate high-quality responses makes it an attractive option for researchers and nonexperts alike. However, it is important to be mindful of potential biases in the responses generated by the model and to ensure that it is regularly updated to reflect the latest scientific knowledge.

Figure 7. ChatGPT response to: Compare the physical, chemical, and biological properties of multi walled carbon nanotubes and single walled carbon nanotubes.

3.1.6 Feedback and improvement

As search engines and databases become more complex, the need for effective user education and training becomes increasingly important. ChatGPT applications help to improve the overall user experience about the use of search engines and databases. By allowing users to ask questions in natural language, ChatGPT can help guide users through the process of using search engines and databases. For example, a user might ask "How do I search for information on X?" or "What is the best way to use this database?" ChatGPT can then provide clear and concise answers that help the user navigate the search process (figure 8).

Another potential application of ChatGPT is to provide real-time feedback to users as they use search engines and databases. For example, if a user types in a search query that does not return relevant results, ChatGPT can provide feedback in real time, such as "Try using different search terms" or "Narrow your search parameters." This application can help users refine their searches and find the information they need more quickly and easily.

ChatGPT has the potential to revolutionize the way we teach users how to use search engines and databases. By allowing users to ask questions in natural language and providing real-time feedback, ChatGPT can guide users through the search process and improve the overall user experience. However, it is important to be aware of potential biases in the responses generated by the model and to ensure that it is regularly updated to reflect the latest information and best practices.

Figure 8. ChatGPT response to: How do I search for information on effects of climate change on the future of earth?

In conclusion, ChatGPT has the potential to revolutionize the way we search for and consume academic information. ChatGPT is an innovative and powerful chatbot software that can be used for academic search and other purposes. ChatGPT can act as question & answer, academic and general search engines in the same interface. ChatGPT has many advantages over traditional search engines, such as its conversational ability, its creative potential, its ease of use and its ability to process natural language queries, provide personalized recommendations, and extract key information from academic papers making it a powerful tool for researchers and students alike. However, ChatGPT also has some limitations and risks that need to be addressed by further research and development. ChatGPT is a promising tool for advancing academic research, but it also requires careful evaluation and regulation.